VIII REGION: HISTORICAL PLACES AND MONUMENTS

MONITOR HUÁSCAR

In Talcahuanao, a commercial and industrial port, the Monitor Huáscar (1879) is conserved and converted in a Heroic Sanctuary.

THE CONCEPCIÓN PLAZA DE LA INDEPENDENCIA

It is a historical place where the General Bernardo O’Higgins proclaimed the Independence of Chile on the 1^st of January 1818.

THE PRAT BIRTHPLACE SANCTUARY

The San Agustin Estate, located in the Ninhue Village at 46 km north-west of Chillán, is the birthplace of Don Arturo Prat Chacón. This site is a sanctuary and museum where objects and a portrait of the life of the hero of the Naval Combat of Iquique are exhibited.

The large house of typical countryside construction of the XVIII was declared a National Monument in 1968. The sanctuary is 8 hectares. The house has an interior portico, rooms with furniture of the era, a wing dedicated for the exhibition of the life of the hero and his ancestors and a wing for the Holocaust. In this sector, personal objects of the hero and parts of the Esmeralda are kept. There is an oratorio with a wooden cross made of boards of the Esmeralda and also a regional museum with samples of agricultural objects dating to 1848.

Ninhue is an important historical artisan community and an agriculture sustaining the community. However, it is only dignified to mention that it has a quantity of wineries that produce delicious must.

Typical Artesian: made of wheat straw used to manufacture Chupallas ( Traditional hat), bags, rush mat, etc..

THE LAS CANTERAS ESTATE

It is located at 30 km. east of Los Angeles. This place belonged to Don Bernardo O’Higgins. In the sector, there are chestnut trees planted by the Liberator when the agricultural activities of the zone were developing.

THE LA PLANCHADA FORTRESS

A Spanish fortress located at 12 km. east of Concepción in the Penco community. A testimony of the history of Chile which was constructed for the defense against the struggle against the Araucano people. It was founded in 1687. At present, it is reduced to only three canons. It is located at 50 m. from the Penco Train Station. Penco is a community distinguished by its forestall, fishing and port activities. It is also known for the ceramics industry.

THE SANTA JUANA DE GUADALCAZAR FORTRESS

A Spanish fortress founded on the 8^th of March 1626 by Luis Fernández de Códroba and Arce and is a declared National Monument. It is located at 52 k. South of Concepción.

At present, it only has the walls and the access gate. Form it you can observe the Biobío river and part of the city of Santa Juana, a community that is adjacent with the communities of Nacimiento, Coronel, Curanilahue, Lota and Arauco. Their main activities are agricultural and forestall.

LOTA

It is an old mining village located at 9 km. south of Coronel. It is a village the depends on the exploitation of Carbon which was started in 1852 by don Matías Cousiño.

It was founded in 1662 by t he Spanish Governor Abgel de Peredo and on the 5^th of january 1875, Lota was declared as a city. In 1852, Don Matías Cousiño purchases the lands where later he would establish the carbon industry.

The most distinguished attractions are the Isidora Goyenechea de Cousiño park, now known as Lota Park, the fortress of Lota which is located in the community and was declared a National Monument in 1926 in addition to the Colcura fortress which was declared a National Monument in 1977.

Lota is divided in two sectors: Low and High. Low Lota is located between the hills of the valley near to the sea where the public service offices and the commerce are located. In high Lota, there are the installations of the mine and the typical houses of a mining camp.

CAÑETE

An old city located at 8 km. north of the lanlhue lake. It was founded in 1552 by Don Pedro de Valdivia: It is also the death place of the Conqueror and the Toqui Caupolicán. I addition to its historical character, it constitutes a mandatory passage to access the Nahelbuta National Park and the lanlhue lake.

It has a population of 30.000 all dedicated to the exploitation of the forest and agricultural production. Its touristic attraction are : the Tucapel fortress, declared National Monument in 1963 and the "Juan Antonio Ríos" Araucano Museum, which commemorates the wars of the Arauco and the life of the Mapuche people which is situated beside the Caupolicán, Antihuala, Cayucupil and Licauquén Plazas; and nearby the sector is the Lanalhue lake which is of great landscape value together with the Paicaví river.

NACIMIENTO

A locality situated at 104 km. south of Concepción. It was founded in 1603 by the Governor Alonso de Ribera. The fortress of Nacimiento reflects the history of the place which has its origin in a Pucará or indigenous fortress over which the present fortress was founded in 1603 which was also declared a National Monument in 1954. Since then, it was reconstructed various times and had a fundamental role in the Conquest called Pacificación de la Araucania and Independence. At present, it has 25.000 people and is mainly distinguished by the concentration of industrial plants dedicated to wood treatment and wood products, paper and cellulose.

SANTA BARBARA

A locality situated at 38 km. south-east of Los Angeles. It was founded on the 4^th of July 1758 when the Santa Barbara Fortress was constructed. At present, it has a population of approximately 17.700. Its main economical activities are agriculture, cattle raising and forestall. There are Seven Pehuenche villages in the zone called "Alto del Biobío" and numerous touristic attraction.

The cordillera landscape offers numerous waterfalls, hills, desfiladeros, painteresque roads and streams that pours into the Queuco river bordering the road towards the Copahue passage that connects the road with Argentina.

TUCAPEL

It is located at 73 km. north*-east of Los Angeles. In the aboriginal language , Tiucapel means " to take by force". Its history goes back to the construction of the San Diego Fortress in 1723. It was declared a National Monument in 1972. The Spaniard formed the village and its surroundings in 1765. The fortress was burned twice until it was determined that the village should be established in the north-east of the fortress.

At present, the village people work in the production of Wheat and oats. Also, there is the activity of cattle raising a small scale. However, the forestall activity is more important than the rest.

Among its attractions are the municipal resort called Tupán a place surrounded by hills and Polcura that has where the Manco lake is.

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